Born in 1090, Bernard of Clairvaux grew to become a force to be reckoned with. Not only did he establish a monastery at Clairvaux, but through his teachings, sixty other monasteries were founded and linked with Clairvaux. That alone was a great achievement, but he was also a poet and hymn writer, a preacher of the Crusades, a priest to the Knights Templar, and an advisor to popes and kings. โBy 1140, his writings had made him one of the most influential figures in Christendom.โ
In his writings, especially those addressed to Pope Eugenius III, Bernard emphasized moderation in all things. He wrote to the overburdened pope, โAs the Lord says, โWhat does it profit you to gain the whole world, but lose yourself alone?โ Now since everyone posses you, make sure that you too are among the possessors.โ Yes, Bernard is saying, dedicate yourself fully to the work the Lord has called you to, but donโt forget the Lord or yourself in the process. However, if there was one area where Bernard would not preach such moderation, it would be in โlove,โ for when it comes to love, Bernard knows no limits. For Bernard, this understanding of love partly stems from his meditations on our Gospel reading.
Jesus said, โIf you abide in me, and my words abide in you, ask for whatever you wish, and it will be done for you.โ Bernard understood โin me,โ in God, to mean, in love with God. To be in God is to be in love with God. He believes we are called to be in love with God and were created for this purpose, writing, โGod hath endowed us with the possibility of love.โ When someone asked him, โWhy should we love God?โ, he answered, โYou want me to tell you why God is to be loved and how much. I answer, the reason for loving God is God himself; and the measure of love due to him is immeasurable love.โ He concludes by asking, โIs this plain?โ A more modern way of saying โIs this plain?โ could be something like, โDuh!โ
Not only should our love extend to God, but also to one another. Perhaps one of his most famous quotes states, โLove me, love my dog.โ If you are going to be in a relationship with someone, then you have to love everything about them, including the goofy dog with fleas, bad breath, and all the other unfortunate and annoying aspects of their character.
In living a life of moderation and love, Bernard fulfilled his own definition of a holy person: โseen to be good and charitable, holding nothing for himself, but using every gift for the common good.โ
Centuries later, St. Josemarรญa Escrivรก wrote, โLord: may I have due measure in everything… except in Love.โ Escrivรก wasnโt speaking directly of Bernard, but those words clearly articulate the pattern of life that Bernard of Clairvaux would call us each to: a life of moderation and perpetual, unrestrained love.
One day, when Vice President Calvin Coolidge was presiding over the Senate, one senator angrily told another to go โstraight to hell.โ The offended senator complained to Coolidge, as presiding officer. Coolidge looked up from the book he had been leafing through while listening to the debate and wittily replied, โIโve looked through the rule book. You donโt have to go.โ
Another short reading for you this morning. This one is an excerpt from the Prophet Micah.
โThe godly has perished from the earth, and there is no one upright among mankind; they all lie in wait for bloodโฆ
Their hands are on what is evil, to do it well; the prince and the judge ask for a bribe, and the great man utters the evil desire of his soulโฆโจ Put no trust in a neighbor; have no confidence in a friendโฆ
for the son treats the father with contempt, the daughter rises up against her mother, the daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law; a man’s enemies are the men of his own house.โ
It’s a different translation, but that last section is what Jesus was quoting in our Gospel reading today.
Micah prophesied from 742 to 687 BC, and his main complaintโthe Lordโs complaintโwas directed against both the social and religious elites. His complaint was against the wealthy, who showed no regard for the poor, and the religious leaders who showed no regard for the poor in spirit. Therefore, Micah foresees a coming crisis.
The word crisis originally comes from the Greek and is a medical term. Merriam-Webster defines it as โthe turning point for better or worse in an acute disease or fever.โ In this case, the โbetter or worseโ means you either live or you die.
In the case of Micah, the evilโthe social and religious eliteโwill repent, or the evil will be destroyed. As for the latter, Micah speaks of the destruction of Jerusalem.
โTherefore because of youโจ Zion shall be plowed as a field;โจJerusalem shall become a heap of ruins,โจ and the mountain of the house a wooded height.โ (Micah 3:12)
An unfortunate consequence of the punishment of evil is that the innocent often become caught up in the destruction. Today, we rely on the non-emotive term, collateral damage, to describe the death of innocent people, so we donโt have to admit we killed them.
So, when the crisisโthe pivotal moment for better or worseโarrives, A) the people will repent, return to the Lord, and live, or B) Jerusalem will fall, and the wicked, along with the collateral damage, will perish.
How did it all turn out? In 586 BC, Nebuchadnezzar and the Babylonian army sacked Jerusalem, destroyed the First Temple, and exiled the people.
Micah warned, โThe path we are taking is leading to our destruction. We’re about to experience a certain hell on earth, but Iโve checked the rule book, and we donโt have to go.โ The crisis arrived, and the people choseโฆ wrongly.
By examining these events, we can find a pattern for any crisis.
A specific path is chosen, but there are early warning signs that it may be the wrong path.
A shrugging of shoulders, thinking itโll be OK, or the status quo rules.
The early warning signs begin to turn into real problems. Sirens are sounding.
The symptoms are addressed, but not the root problem. It begins to fester.
A catalyst or trigger of some sort pushes it all over the edge. Hell on Earth follows.
The crisisโthe turning point for better or worseโblossoms.
Options: Strong corrective measures are implemented to prevent a disaster or destruction.
In our Gospel, Jesus said, โYou know how to interpret the appearance of earth and skyโa cloud rising in the west or a south wind blowingโbut why do you not know how to interpret the present time?โ
Jesus said, โYouโve chosen a certain path, but there are warning signs everywhereโyour country is occupied, there is trouble within, the religious system is broken, and there is no fear of God. Yet, in your arrogance, you shrug your shoulders, thinking everything is A-OK. The prophets, like John the Baptist, have sounded the alarm. You believe the solution is to ratchet up the requirements of the Law, but youโre missing the point. Itโs not the Law thatโs the problem; itโs you! All you’re doing is oppressing the people and further angering the Father. Youโve created Hell on Earth, so you can either turn and repent, or all this will be destroyed. โTruly, I say to you, there will not be left here one stone upon another that will not be thrown down.โ (Matthew 24:2) But,โ Jesus said, โIโve looked through the rule book, and you donโt have to go that way.
How did everything turn out? In 70 AD, Titus and the Roman army sacked Jerusalem, destroyed the Second Temple, and enslaved or scattered the people. The exact same pattern and result of the crisis that occurred in the time of Micah.
Not only does this pattern of crisis occur on a large scale for nations, but it also applies to individuals.
I believe it has been at least a week since I last mentioned a Stephen King book, soโฆ
In The Stand, one of the main characters, Larry Underwood, has been experiencing troubles in his life. As he reflects on it, he remembers another person who faced a time of trialโJory Baker.
Jory was a guitarist, and a good one at that. He even played in a band that looked as though they were going to make it big, but then Jory was involved in an accident. This was followed by intensive rehab and a little drug called Demerol. Jory got hooked, and when he no longer had access to Demerol, he turned to heroin. He ended up on the streets, begging for change and his next fix. Hell on Earth. Crisisโthe point where he could choose either life or destruction. Over eighteen months, Jory managed to get clean and stay clean. He chose life.
As he remembers this, Larry thinks, โNo one can tell what goes on in between the person you were and the person you become. No one can chart that blue and lonely section of hell. There are no maps of the change. You just โฆ come out the other side. Or you donโt.โ (p.575)
We understand that all these crisesโwhether between nations, within individuals, or any type in betweenโare the direct result of the conflict between Heaven and Hell, with the prize being the soul of Godโs people. In C.S. Lewisโ The Screwtape Letters, the demon writes, โWe want cattle who can finally become food; He [God] wants servants who can finally become sons.โ Therefore, in every situation, we must be those who can properly โinterpret the present time.โ And yes, we must be able to do this for the world and society around us, so we donโt blindly follow the masses to destruction, but equally important, we must learn to unemotionally and honestly โinterpret the present timeโ of our own lives. How do we achieve this?
We must learn to take a step back from our lives and unflinchingly scrutinize them, as if from the outside. Are there warning signs that we may be headed in the wrong direction? If so, are we glossing them over or pretending that theyโre really no big deal? In our arrogance, are we convincing ourselves that weโre right, even when evidence suggests otherwise? If we do recognize areas of concern, are we just treating the symptoms while ignoring the real problem? Is a crisis actually developing or already upon usโHell on Earth? To be blunt, if it looks like youโre heading to hell, remember, thereโs nothing in the rule book that says youโve got to go. Ask yourself, โIf in my analysis of the present time and path, will I come out the other sideโฆ or not?โ If the answer is โYes,โ give thanks to the Lord your God. If the answer is โNo,โ then pray for wisdom and courage to change. After all, โWhat does it profit a man to gain the whole world and forfeit his soul?โ (Mark 8:36)
The life of a Christian person is often and mistakenly solely measured by emotions. Do I feel the joy of the Lord? Am I at peace? Do I sense Godโs presence in my life? If you answer โYesโ to these questions, then you feel like all is well. However, we canโt rely only on our emotions. As Christians, we must sometimes sit down, like an academic, and study our livesโproperly interpreting the present timesโand then be prepared to make the necessary course corrections. In doing so, with Godโs help, we will safely come out the other side.
Let us pray: O Lord, mercifully receive the prayers of your people who call upon you, and grant that they may know and understand what things they ought to do, and also may have grace and power faithfully to accomplish them; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and for ever. Amen.
A father reports that he used to have trouble getting his son to clean his room. The father would insist that he, โDo it now,โ and the son would always agree to do so, but then he wouldnโt follow throughโat least not right away. After high school, the son joined the Marine Corps. When he came home for leave after basic training, his father asked him what he had learned.
โDad,โ he said, โI learned what โnowโ means.โ
For me, when it comes to cleaning house, โNowโ generally means the day or a few hours before I expect company; otherwise, thereโs a good chance that there will be dirty dishes in the sink, dirty socks on the floor, a pile of clean laundry waiting to be folded on the dining room table, and if the cat got sick on my desk, it would be in better shape than it is now. I guess I agree with Phyllis Diller and Erma Bombeck when it comes to housework. Phyllis says, โHousework won’t kill you, but then again, why take the chance?โ And Erma writes, โMy theory on housework is, if the item doesn’t multiply, smell, catch fire, or block the refrigerator door, let it be. No one else cares. Why should you?โ
Iโm guessing they werenโt real keen on the word โNowโ when it comes to housework, either.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that, on average, we spend 2.01 hours per day on household chores, and yes, women spend more time than menโ1.67 hours for men and 2.34 for women. (Source) Clearly, theyโve never been to my house. I eventually get everything nice and clean, but it doesn’t last. Give it a few days, and the dishes will start to stack up again, and the dirty socks will be on the floor. Before you know it, the whole place needs a solid napalm strike to clear it all up.
In our Gospel reading, Jesus talks about the servants in a house who remain awake and alert, and the owner of the house who guards against the thief. The servants fulfill their duties for the Masterโtaking care of his needs and propertyโand the owner protects against the thief who wishes to break in and steal. In both cases, we understand that the home Jesus is speaking about is our soulโthe dwelling place for the Holy Spirit of God. As Godโs children, we are to take care of our souls, keeping them pure and free of sin, and we need to guard them so that the devil cannot come in and destroy them. But for me, sometimes the inside of my soul looks a bit like my houseโa little messy.
On July 13, 1917, Our Lady of Fatima appeared for the third time to the three childrenโLucia dos Santos, Jacinta Marto, and Francisco Marto. During the visitation, she gave them a brief but terrifying vision of hell. Lucia wrote, โShe opened Her hands once more, as She had done in the two previous months. The rays of light seemed to penetrate the earth, and we saw as it were a sea of fire. Plunged in this fire were demons and souls in human form.โ She then goes on to describe what they saw.
It was so terrifying, she later wrote, โHow can we ever be grateful enough to our kind Heavenly Mother, who had already prepared us by promising, in the first Apparition, to take us to Heaven. Otherwise, I think we would have died of fear and terror.โ
During this same visitation, the Virgin Mary gave the children a prayer that we now know as the Fatima Prayer or O My Jesus.ย
โO my Jesus, forgive us our sins, save us from the fires of hell; lead all souls to heaven, especially those most in need of thy mercy.โ
Mary asked that the children share with the world her desire for this prayer to be said at the end of each decade of the Rosary. It is also prayed just before starting the first decadeโthe Our Father and the first ten Hail Marys.
When I pray my Rosary, it is during those opening prayers that I beginโor at least tryโto gain some sort of focus, and on one particular day, it was the same. I recited the Creed, prayed the Our Father, the first three Hail Marys, and the Gloria Patri, and then began the Fatima Prayer, โO my Jesusโฆโ I stopped. The next word, โforgive,โ simply would not come out. I tried again. โO my Jesusโฆโ I couldnโt go any further. Why?
There was a story circulating when I was in seminary. It told of a young man who had a vision of himself entering a room. Inside the room were all these small filesโrow after row of them. The drawers seemed to be large enough to hold a piece of paper no bigger than a note card. As he got closer, he saw that each of the file drawers had labels. These included such things as โBooks I Have Readโ and โTelevision Programs I Have Watched.โ There were othersโโLies I Have Toldโ and โComfort I Have Given.โ There was one that read โThings Done in Angerโ and one right next to it, โThings I Have Said in Anger.โ
He pulled that one out just to see what was inside, and to his horror, he found that written on each card was something he had said in anger. Then he realized he was standing in the record room of his life. Every single event, from the very best to the most sinful, had been recorded and filed.
As he examined more of the file drawer labels, he became absolutely convinced that no oneโnot anyone!โshould be allowed to see what was written here. But, of course, there was One who would see, and that One, Jesus, was suddenly present, standing before the man.
Without a word spoken, and instinctively, Jesus went to the drawer that held the cards depicting the most horrible of sins, pulled it out, and began to read each card. The man was horrified and heartbroken. He collapsed in shame, but as he watched, he witnessed the most remarkable thing: on each of the cards, Jesus wrote His Name, covering the sin.
There I was, trying to pray my Rosary, โO my Jesusโฆ,โ but unable to ask for forgiveness. Why? Well, itโs a bit like my house. When my house gets messy, it’s nothing new. Itโs always the same mess. Dirty dishes, dirty socks, a messy desk, etc. My soul ends up the same way. When Jesus has to come in and go through the files of my life, itโs not like He pulls out a card and says, โWow, didnโt see that coming,โ or โHey, thatโs original.โ No. Itโs the same thing each and every time. Entire file drawers dedicated to my life with the same thing written time and time again, and Jesus signing over it again and againโฆ O my Jesus. I found myselfโnot out of disobedience, but out of shame and frustrationโsimply unwilling to ask Him once more to forgive me for the same damn thing I asked Him to forgive me for the day or week before. O my Jesus.
I could imagine Him standing there, pen in hand, poised and ready to sign, and there I wasโฆ O my Jesus.
In our Gospel reading, Jesus said, โBe dressed for action and have your lamps lit; be like those who are waiting for their master to return from the wedding banquet, so that they may open the door for him as soon as he comes and knocks.โ Yet, Iโm sitting there in the middle of a very dirty house, knowing I must do something but unable to act.
Joshua said, โChoose you this day whom you will serve.โ
Quoting what the Lord said to the Prophet Isaiah, Paul wrote, โIn a favorable time I listened to you, and in a day of salvation I have helped you.โ Then Paul added, โBehold, now is the favorable time; behold, now is the day of salvation.โ (2 Corinthians 6:2)
โSon, what did the Marines teach you?โ
โDad, I learned what โnowโ means.โ
And I prayed, โO my Jesus, forgive us our sins, save us from the fires of hell; lead all souls to heaven, especially those most in need of thy mercy.โ
Iโll share something you might find hard to accept, but itโs true: no matter how much effort you put in, your soul will get dirty. You can’t keep it clean; once it becomes dirty, you wonโt be able to clean it with your own strength and power. So, when the Master comes backโwhen Jesus returnsโHe will walk into the house of your soul and He will see the mess. Your only recourse is to say to Him todayโright nowโโO my Jesus, forgive.โ And John tells us, โIf we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.โ (1 John 1:9) If we confess our sins, Jesus will sign His name on the card and cover our sins.
The Psalmist writes, โFor you, O Lord, are good and forgiving, abounding in steadfast love to all who call upon you.โ Jesus stands ready to forgive all those who call on Him. Whatever reasons or excuses you may haveโpride, shame, ignorance, stubbornness, or anything elseโset it aside and humbly come before your God and King.
Let us prayโฆ would you repeat after me: O my Jesus, forgive us our sins, save us from the fires of hell; lead all souls to heaven, especially those most in need of thy mercy. Amen.
The article defines the issue: “This is ‘purpose anxiety’ โ the gnawing sense that oneโs life should have an overarching purpose, but itโs unclear how to discover it.” It then goes on to further explore the issue and point to possible solutions. However, in my opinion, the article clearly identifies the root cause, without noting any correlation to the problem.
Religion, for instance, often offered purpose and meaning to believers. But those who identify as religious has dropped significantly over the years (although that appears to beย leveling offย recently according to a 2025 survey by the Pew Research Center).
What do the numbers show?
I am smart enough to know that anxiety and depression have other causes and that there are multiple variables involved. That said, I think it would be quite interesting to see the anxiety/depression numbers for those who have found their purpose in God.
Three individuals are about to be executed, put to death before the firing squad. One is a Japanese fella, one is from Oklahoma, and the third is a crazy Cajun named Boudreaux. The guard brings the Japanese fella forward, and the executioner asks if he has any last-minute requests. He replies, โNo, I do not,โ so the executioner sets him up and then turns and shouts to the firing squad: โReady! Aimโฆโ Suddenly, the Japanese fella yells out: โTsunami! Run run run.โ While everyone is distracted and panicked, the Japanese fella runs away and escapes. The guard brings the next prisoner alongโthe Oklahoman. The executioner asks if he has any last-minute requests. He answers, โI have nothing to sayโ, so the executioner gets him ready, then barks his order to the firing squad: โReady! Aim…โ Suddenly, the Oklahoman yells as loud as he can: โTornado! Run run run!!!โ Everyone is again distracted, and the Oklahoman makes his getaway. By now, olโ Boudreaux has got it all figured out. The guard escorts him forward and asks if he has any last-minute requests. Boudreaux replies, โNo,โ but has a grin on his face. The executioner turns sharply to the firing squad and shouts: โReady! Aim…โ And Boudreaux hollers out: โFire!โ
I do not believe the firing squad was distracted, Boudreaux.
When I drive, Iโm not a speederโmaybe three or four miles over at most. Iโll set the cruise, and then I donโt have to worry about it. The other day, as I was driving down the road, cruise set, I was listening to a book. Iโm not sure which one, but I was fairly well engrossed. As I was going along, someone came up and passed me going at least 20-25 mph faster than me. I wished him well, but then another car came up on me pretty quick, and before you know it, there are about four cars behind me. I look in the rearview mirror and say, โIโm not getting a ticket for you folks, so just go around.โ At which point, I look at my speedometer. I had set the cruise as I was leaving the last town, but I was involved with my book. Unfortunately, when I set the cruise, I was in a 45 mph zone, but now I was in a 70. Iโm not sure how many miles I had putted along at that speed, but Iโm certain those stuck behind me were quite pleased when I figured it out.
When it comes to accidents, being distracted is the number one cause. Iโll try to do better.
Merriam-Webster defines distraction as: โan object that directs one’s attention away from something else.โ Sometimes those distractions are not of our own making: youโre sitting quietly reading your book, and a meteor crashes through the ceiling and obliterates the coffee table, sending the cat into a maniacal frenzy. Not your fault or your doing. At other times, you are supposed to be studying for an exam, but you choose to be distracted by playing video games.
Why do we do such things? It might be out of compulsion, a lack of discipline, or simply because sometimes we just arenโt all that bright. Any number of reasons, but ultimately, weโre looking for that one thing that will make us happy in the moment and distract us from what we should be focusing on.
Qoheleth is the author of the book of Ecclesiastes. In the third verse of chapter one, he writes, โWhat does man gain by all the toil at which he toils under the sun?โ (1:3) In this context, the word โtoilโ refers to all human efforts, whether they are noble, common, necessary, silly, or anything else. In our first lesson today, he discussed the toil of wisdom: โI applied my mind to seek and to search out by wisdom all that is done under heaven.โ (1:13) His goal was to discover the worth of gaining wisdom in his life. Similarly, he explores the meaning behind the toil of gaining wealth, possessions, honor, pleasure, and labor. He did all, apparently knowing no limits.ย
He concluded his discussion of each pursuit by declaring their purpose and value to be, “Utterly senseless, everything is senseless!” “Meaningless of meaninglessness! All is meaningless!” “Futility of futilities, all is futile.โ “Absolutely pointless! Everything is pointless.โ “Vanity of vanities, all is vanity.โ All of our wealth, wisdom, possessions, honor, pleasure, laborโall of our toils and distractions are nothing. Are you depressed yet? โThanks, Father John, so glad I came to church today for this uplifting and edifying message. Iโll be sure to sleep in next Sunday.โ If we left it there, we would all be more than a bit depressed, but Qoheleth does not leave it there, and neither shall we.
To work and seek only wealth and possessions solely for oneself is vanity and meaningless; however, building up treasures in heaven offers lasting and abundant rewards. Pursuing pleasure purely for pleasureโs sake is the height of selfishness, but truly loving as Christ loved us and finding joy in God and others are among the many blessings of creation. Iโm certain you see the difference. The issue is that we often seek these things apart from God, and anything apart from God is defined in one simple word: sin.
This is part of the message from the parable we read this morning. The man has worked hard, he has toiled year after year, and has become wealthy. Now, he has a bumper crop, and in his vanity, he decides that he is set and only needs to build barns large enough to hold everything. He thinks he can be done with all this toiling. Yet God says to him, โYou fool! This very night your life is being demanded of you. And the things you have prepared, whose will they be?โ And Jesus adds, โSo it is with those who store up treasures for themselves but are not rich toward God.โ The man became so distracted by earthly riches and toilโโVanity of vanities, all is vanityโโthat he lost sight of what he should have been focused on.
In the end, Qoheleth tells us, โThe end of the matter; all has been heard. Fear God and keep his commandments, for this is the whole duty of man.โ (12:13) What should we focus on, and not let distractions steer us away? The fear of God and His commandments. What does it mean to fear God? Charles Spurgeon answers that for us. โBy this we do not mean the servile fear which worketh dread and bondage, but that holy fear which pays reverence before the majesty of the Most High, and has a high esteem of all things sacred, because God is great, and greatly to be praised.โ (Sermon: Obadiah; or, Early Piety Eminent Piety) If that is the fear of God, what are His commandments? You know the answer; we talked about it a few weeks back: โA new commandment I give to you, that you love one another: just as I have loved you, you also are to love one another.โ (John 13:34) (I can assure you that I know more Bible verses than this, but I do not know of any that are more important.)
Qoheleth tells us that everything is vanity, meaningless, pointless, and futile except to remain in awe of God and His majesty and to love one another, and we know that loving one another is, in fact, loving God.
You have heard of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. In 1945, he was imprisoned for speaking out against the Soviet regime. After his release, he spent from 1958 to 1968 writing The Gulag Archipelago, a nonfiction book about life in a Soviet prison or gulag. As I studied these verses from Ecclesiastes, I was reminded of one of Solzhenitsynโs conclusions. He wrote,
โWhat about the main thing in life, all its riddles? If you want, I’ll spell it out for you right now. Do not pursue what is illusoryโproperty and position: all that is gained at the expense of your nerves decade after decade, and is confiscated in one fell night. [He is thinking of his arrest when he lost everything.] Live with a steady superiority over lifeโโdonโt be afraid of misfortune, and do not yearn after happiness;โฆ whom should you envy? And why? Our envy of others devours us most of all. Rub your eyes and purify your heartโand prize above all else in the world those who love you and who wish you well. Do not hurt them or scold them, and never part from any of them in anger; after all, you simply do not know: it might be your last act before your arrest, and that will be how you are imprinted in their memory!โ (p.591-592)
We must work to care for ourselves and our families. We have possessions for the same reasons. We seek entertainment to bring joy, and even Qoheleth tells us this is from God. He says, โThere is nothing better for a person than that he should eat and drink and find enjoyment in his toil. This also, I saw, is from the hand of God, for apart from him who can eat or who can have enjoyment?โ (2:24-25) Still, none of these things should take priority over or distract us from our fear of God and our love for one another.
Do not sin. Keep in awe and fear of God, and love one another. From Jesus to Qoheleth to Solzhenitsyn to many others, there is no greater or nobler meaning to life.
Let us pray: Most holy Trinity, Godhead indivisibleโFather, Son, and Holy Spiritโour first beginning and our last end, You have made us in Your own image and likeness. Grant that all the thoughts of our minds, all the words of our tongues, all the affections of our hearts, and all the actions of our being may always be conformed to Your holy Will. Thus, after we have seen here below in appearances and in a dark manner by means of faith, we may finally come to contemplate You face-to-face In the perfect possession of You forever in heaven. Amen.
President Jimmy Carter once told a joke during a speech in Japan that made the audience burst into laughter. Impressed, he asked how the interpreter managed to get such a big reaction. The interpreter admitted to saying, โPresident Carter told a funny story. Everyone must laugh.โ
Translating from one language to another isn’t always easy. When I travel, Iโve learned to use Google Translate, but Iโve also learned that the other person doesn’t always receive the same message you’re seeing because of translation issues. Some companies might have learned this lesson when entering new markets.
Kentucky Fried Chicken: You know it and you love it. It is โFinger-licking good,โ except in China, where it translates to โEat your fingers off.โ
Clairol: Some of you ladies may know of the curling iron named โMist Stick.โ All is well and good in the USA, but in Germany, it translates as โManure Stick.โ Also known as, How to End the Date Early.
Coors Beer: In the 1970s and 80s, they had an ad campaign with the slogan, โTurn it loose.โ Sounds like fun, unless you’re in Spain, because it translates to โSuffer from Diarrhea.โ
Translating isn’t always an exact science, especially considering the complexity and nuances of the English language, so it’s best to consult those who might know a bit more than even Google Translate.
True for marketing campaigns and also for the Bible.
Today, in our Gospel, we read the Lordโs Prayer:
Father, hallowed be your name. Your kingdom come. Give us each day our daily bread. And forgive us our sins, for we ourselves forgive everyone indebted to us. And do not bring us to the time of trial.
Question: When you heard that, how many of you thought, โThatโs not the Lordโs Prayer I know. Seems they missed a few words.โ What about โYour will be done on earth as it is in Heavenโ or โdeliver us from evilโ? Those are pretty important bits to just leave out.
I thought the same thing, and it got me to thinking about how the Gospels came through history to us. This is one of those technical lessons, so if you start to glaze over, Iโll try and wrap it up quickly.
First, how many Gospels are there? Four? Nope. There are actually over thirty books or parts of books that claim to be Gospels. Thereโs the Gospel of Thomas, the Gospel of Mary Magdalene, The Gospel of Truth, and even one called the Gospel of Judas. But over time, the Church studied these closely and decided only four could be called true GospelsโMatthew, Mark, Luke, and John. Since Matthew, Mark, and Luke are so similar, theyโre called the Synoptic Gospels, meaning they can be viewed together.
The Church has always believed that John was written independently of the others; however, itโs generally thought that the authors of the synoptic Gospels copied parts of each otherโs and then added their own original material. How does that work?
Initially, it was believed that Matthew was written first. This is known as the Primacy of Matthew. This view states that both Mark and Luke used Matthew as a guide for writing their Gospels. However, most scholars now believe this isnโt correct and agree on the Primacy of Mark.
This is known as the Four-Source Hypothesisโa hypothesis, it is, and itโll help if you have the diagram on the insertโsays that Mark was written first, and Matthew and Luke used it as a guide. Thereโs a lot of reasoning behind it, which can cause you to glaze over, but Luke had a copy of Mark, then added some of his own material, which is known as โL.โ Matthew also had a copy of Mark, and added his own material, known as โM.โ Matthew and Luke were written independently of each other, but both contain similar sayings of Jesus (that are not included in Mark), which introduces a truly hypothetical document know as โQ,โ which stands for the German word Quelle, meaning source. Q is said not to contain many of the stories of Jesus, but is primarily a collection of his sayings.
Putting all that together: if you take the Gospel of Mark, add L material, and then add Q, you end up with the Gospel of Luke. Clear as mud? It gets a lot more complicated, but we wonโt go there today.
As I said, hypothetical Q is said to contain the sayings of Jesus. These sayings would includeโthe Beatitudes, Love Your Enemies, the temptation in the desert, andโyou guessed itโthe Lordโs Prayer. The Lordโs Prayer is only found in Lukeโs and Matthewโs Gospels, not in Mark or John. The version of the Lordโs Prayer we read today is from the Gospel of Luke. What we are most familiar with is the version from the Gospel of Matthew. In other words, using the hypothesis we put forth, Luke may have only used Q material, but Matthew would have used Q plus some of his own M material to write his version. Why would they be different? Another theory here: Matthew was with Jesus, while Luke was not. Luke only had access to Q, but Matthew had access to Jesusโhe had been with Jesus. Perhaps Matthew heard the expanded version and included it in his Gospel. Ultimately, we donโt really know.
What makes this even more confusing is that if you look at an older version of the Bible, such as the King James Version, youโll discover that the Lordโs Prayer in Matthew and Luke is exactly the same. Why? A little thing called harmonization. At some point, someone decided they should be the same, and so, presto, they made it so.
Do you really need all this theory to pray the Lordโs Prayer? Nope, but since the Bible contains so much of what we know and understand about God, itโs important to have some knowledge of how it all works. More importantly, though, is knowing how to apply it to our lives. N.T. Wright provides us with a brief guide. He says, โJesus intended this sequence of thoughtโthat is, the Lordโs Prayerโto act more like the scaffolding than the whole building, though of course the prayer is used as it stands by countless Christians every day.โ (Matthew for Everyone, Part One, p.58)
If the Lordโs Prayer is like scaffolding, then itโs truly the place where the work can take place. If I look up at the cross beams of this church building, I know they arenโt the roof, but the means by which the roof can stand. The same is true with the Lordโs Prayer. Itโs an excellent prayer on its own, but itโs also just the beginning of prayer. We need look no further than the very first wordโOurโto realize that this is much bigger than a personal petition. Itโs not just about me. In fact, nothing in the prayer is spoken in the singular; itโs always in the plural. That one wordโOurโtells us that when we pray, we are praying in the company of all Godโs children, both the living and the dead, and those to comeโthe Church. Our gathers my prayers and your prayers together and brings them all into the very throne room of God, so that those prayers may be offered before the One who loves us and made us for Himself. Our binds us together as members of the very Body of Christ. Our is so much more, and itโs only the first word. Itโs one piece of the scaffolding, and from it, we build our prayer.
I once heard it said that if we pray the Lordโs Prayer rightly, then it should take us all day. Itโs easy to see how true that is when we consider it as the scaffolding from which all our prayers flow.
Dietrich Bonhoeffer dedicates a chapter of his book, The Cost of Discipleship, to the Lordโs Prayer, breaking down each line and explaining its significance. He also provides a summary of the prayer. โJesus told his disciples not only how to pray, but also what to pray. The Lord’s Prayer is not merely the pattern prayer, it is the way Christians must pray. If they pray this prayer, God will certainly hear them. The Lord’s Prayer is the quintessence of prayer. A disciple’s prayer is founded on and circumscribed by it. Once again Jesus does not leave his disciples in ignorance; he teaches them the Lord’s Prayer and so leads them to a clear understanding of prayer.โ (Macmillan, 1979, p.184)
It can be a fun exercise to explore the more technical aspects of Scripture, but that might not be for everyone. However, learning to hear Godโs voice through them and further understanding how to apply those words is a lifelong practice for us all. When you pray the Lordโs Prayer, take time to meditate on the individual words and petitions, and enter into a richer prayer life.
Let us pray:
Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name; thy kingdom come; thy will be done; on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation; but deliver us from evil. For thine is the kingdom, the power and the glory, for ever and ever. Amen.
A woman decided to have her portrait painted. She said to the artist, โPaint me with diamond rings, a diamond necklace, emerald bracelets, a ruby brooch, and a gold Rolex.โ
โBut you are not wearing any of those things,โ the artist replied.
โI know,โ she said. โItโs in case I should die before my husband. I’m sure he will remarry right away, and I want his new wife to go crazy looking for the jewelry.โ
The Golden Jubilee Diamond is the world’s largest cut and faceted diamond. It weighs 545.67 carats and is roughly the size of a golf ball. Its market value ranges from $4 million to $12 million, depending on the market. However, due to its color and clarity, it is not the most expensive diamond. That honor belongs to the Pink Star Diamond, which weighs 59.6 carats and sold for $71.2 million. Both diamonds were cut to maximize their carat weight.
When it comes to cutting diamonds, the round brilliant cut offers the most sparkle, with 57 or 58 facets. 57 if the bottom tip remains pointed, and 58 if the point is cut away. These facets are added to help the stone reflect and refract light, creating, in diamond terms, scintillation.
Perhaps a lot of unnecessary detail, but the point is that our Gospel reading todayโthe story of Mary and Marthaโappears only in Lukeโs Gospel and, when studied, proves to be scintillating in all its facets. There are many ways to interpret it, most of which are true, while some are just silly.
One facet, and perhaps the most apparent one, is the difference between the busy and the prayerful life. Martha is rushing around, taking care of all the chores, while Mary sits at Jesus’ feet, listening to His words. Jesus says that Mary has chosen the better way, so we might say that a contemplative life is preferable to a busy one. It’s a good message, and I have preached it before. However, it does not capture the fullness of what is transpiring.
To start with, if we claim that life is all about the contemplative, then no work gets done. We end up sitting around all day singing Kum ba Yah, letting someone else handle everything. That was similar to what happened in the time of Paul. Do you know what he said? โIf anyone is not willing to work, let him not eat.ย For we hear that some among you walk in idleness, not busy at work, but busybodies.ย Now, such persons we command and encourage in the Lord Jesus Christ to do their work quietly and to earn their own living.โ (2 Thessalonians 3:10-12) When Jesus says that Mary chose the better, heโs not saying that Martha chose the wrong. Something more is happening.
Another facet has us viewing this through a feminist lens, and Iโm not being disrespectful when I say that. During the time of Jesus, within the Jewish home, there were only two places where men and women would mingle: outside or in the marital bedroom. The main public roomโthink of it as the living roomโwas the gathering place for visitors, but it was for men only. It was in this public room that Jesus was speaking. Yet, even though it was reserved for men, Mary was there, sitting with the menโthe little hussy. She is not fulfilling her duty as a woman by cooking and cleaning. Not only that, she is also sitting in the place of a man. Yet, when Martha complains, Jesus says that Mary has chosen the better part. For some, this interpretation highlights how Jesus leveled the playing field for men and women. It can be viewed as a type of liberation for women, placing them on equal ground with men. Another good sermon, and one Iโve preached before, but even though it makes a good point, it doesn’t capture the bigger picture.
Another facet would be to take this same idea and apply it to how Jesus crossed all boundaries. By making the Gospel accessible to Mary and speaking to her so openly, it can go further to suggest that Jesus is willing to cross all boundariesโethnic, social, political, cultural, and moreโin order to bring the message of Godโs love and redemption to everyone. An excellent point, and Iโm sure at some point, Iโve preached it.
The ideas of elevating women or crossing boundaries are both valid understandings and teachings, but they are both lacking because they donโt address all aspects of what is happening.
One of the silly interpretations comes from some who suggest that Martha and Mary were deeply in love with Jesus, and that Martha’s jealousy stemmed from Mary’s physical closeness to Jesus. Just for the record, that is not a facet, I havenโt preached it, and Iโm never going to.
As you examine these events, youโll discover various other facets, but they are simply that, facets. So, this week, as I kept trying to grasp the message, I never felt truly satisfied with my understanding. I kept focusing on the individual charactersโMary, Martha, Jesus, the disciplesโand realized I had been approaching it all wrong. Instead of seeking understanding through the facets, I needed to pull back and view the diamond as a whole.
I believe that this is what Luke was pointing to in the opening sentence: โAs Jesus and his disciples went on their way, Jesus entered a certain village, where a woman named Martha welcomed him into her home.โ To understand, we donโt focus on the individual characters; instead, we consider the home and what is inside.
There is Jesus, our King and Redeemer. Like Mary, we are called to sit at His feet, learn from Him, and allow Him to guide our lives. At the same time, we are to be like Martha โ tending to our individual callings, whether that means being a homemaker, a priest, a clerk, a nurse, or whatever else Jesus has assigned us. In doing so, we find balance. Too much work and we neglect time with Jesus. Although sitting with Jesus is the best choice, we can’t spend all our lives just sitting; we must also do the work. Does that mean weโve abandoned Jesus? No. He is still in the house. He is still available to us. He is working alongside us.
In the Gospel of John, at the Last Supper, Jesus speaks to the disciples and says, โWhoever has my commandments and keeps themโฆโ (John 14:21). Clarification: What are Jesus’ commandments? He gave them to the disciples just a few minutes earlier: โA new commandment I give to you, that you love one another: just as I have loved you, you also are to love one another. By this all people will know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one another.โ (John 13:34-35)
So, โโWhoever has my commandments and keeps themโthat is, whoever lovesโhe is the one who loves me. And he who loves me will be loved by my Father, and I will love him and manifest myself to him.โย Judas (not Iscariot) said to him, โLord, how is it that you will manifest yourself to us and not to the world?โย Jesus answered him, โIf anyone loves me, he will keep my word, and my Father will love him, and we will come to him and make our home with him.โโ (John 14:21-23)
The events that occur in Marthaโs home are an embodiment of Jesusโ words in the Gospel of John.
Our bodies and our souls are a home. Within our home, we work, play, rest, and pray. We live. If we keep the commandment of Jesus to love one another, He and the Father, that is, the Holy Spirit, will come to us and become part of our home. There, guided by the very Spirit of God, we will live a life that is pleasing to Him.
Pitting Mary against Martha is the wrong approach when admiring this diamond. The former archbishop of Turin expressed it well: โIn our house, there is room for Martha and room for Mary, and we must occupy both places. We must be Mary because we are welcoming the Word, and we must be Martha because we are receiving the Son of Man.โ We need to be Mary to learn about God’s love, and we need to be Martha to express that love to others. Itโs not Mary or Martha, but Mary in Martha (cf. Sanctify Your Daily Life by Stefan Cardinal Wyszynski, p.100), and vice versa, with the Holy Spirit working in both.
When inviting the Holy Spirit into your home, donโt just give it access to the โspiritualโ aspects of your life, but instead, allow it to roam freely throughout every room, so you will have access to and benefit from this Gift from God.
Let us pray: Come, O Divine Spirit, fill our hearts with Your heavenly fruits: charity, joy, peace, patience, long-suffering, kindness, goodness, faith, meekness, modesty, self-control, and chastity, so that we may never grow tired in serving God. Through continued faithful submission to Your inspiration, may we be found worthy to be united forever with You in the love of the Father and the Son. Amen.
Remember Otis Campbell? He was the town drunk on The Andy Griffith Show who would lock himself in jail rather than waiting for Andy or Barney to arrest him. Well, imagine another Otis-like character, let’s call him Boudreaux, who doesnโt turn himself in but gets arrested for the umpteenth time and has to appear before the same judge, each and every time. However, on this most recent occasion, he makes a rather unusual request of the judge.
โYour Honor,โ Boudreaux says, โif you donโt mind, I would like to try myself and judge myself.โ
With nothing to lose, the judge says, โOK, letโs hear it.โ
Well, olโ Boudreaux lets loose on himself. โBoudreaux, you are a low-down, no-good polecat of a man, who has abandoned every responsibility you ever had. You have spent your entire life thinking only of your own selfish desires. And now here you are, once again, throwing yourself on the mercy of this court. However, you will find no mercy today, because you do not deserve it.โ Then, turning to the judge, he says, โYour Honor, I find myself guilty as charged, and I sentence myself to a $100.00 fine and 30 days in jail. And I pray that God will help me understand the wickedness of my ways.โ
The judge nodded thoughtfully and said, โBoudreaux, I think you really mean it this time. I commend you for your righteousness. Iโll accept your judgment.โ
At which, Boudreaux interrupted the judge and said, โYour Honor, I have one more thing. I suspend my sentence!โ
Mercy. When we think of mercy, we often picture throwing ourselves on the mercy of the court. However, I doubt we often consider it as a Christian virtue, even though it is considered the greatest. St. Thomas Aquinas writes in his Summa Theologica, โMercy is the greatest of the virtues, since it belongs to God to show mercy, and in this His omnipotence is manifested to the greatest degree.โ And more simply, Pope Francis wrote, โMercy is the very foundation of the Churchโs life.โ (Misericordiae Vultus, 2015) So, what is mercy?
Mercy comes from the Latin word misericordia, which literally means, โhaving a miserable heart.โ Aquinas helps us understand more clearly what this means. He explains that there are two parts of mercy required for it to be considered a virtueโaffective mercy and effective mercy.
Affective mercy is an emotional responseโhow something makes you feel. You see someone suffering in some way, and you feel sympathy or compassion for them. However, simply having sympathy is not a virtue. Consider the words of St. James: โWhat good is it, my brothers, if someone says he has faith but does not have works? Can that faith save him? If a brother or sister is poorly clothed and lacking in daily food, and one of you says to them, โGo in peace, be warmed and filled,โ without giving them the things needed for the body, what good is that? So also faith by itself, if it does not have works, is dead.โ (James 2:14-17) What good is it if someone has an emotional response to someone’s suffering but doesnโt act to ease that suffering? Affective mercy is good, but for it to be a true virtue, it must be accompanied by effective mercy.
Effective mercy is actually doing something about the suffering of others. Going back to James, โIf a brother or sister is poorly clothed and lacking in daily food,โ and you provide them with good clothing and give them something to eat, then you are acting and actually doing something about their suffering. However, effective mercy, action alone is not a virtue.
Remember the parable Jesus told about the persistent widow who kept coming to the judge seeking justice. Yet, the judge โneither feared God nor respected man.โ (Luke 18:2b) The widow kept returning, but the judge didnโt care anything about her; however, he ended up giving her what she wanted, saying, โThough I neither fear God nor respect man, yet because this widow keeps bothering me, I will give her justice, so that she will not beat me down by her continual coming.โ (Luke 18:4b-5) I donโt care anything about this widow, but so that sheโll leave me alone, Iโll give her what she wants. Itโs like someone giving to a charity, not because they care about the cause but because they need a tax write-off. Affective mercy is action toward someone who is suffering, but without sympathy or compassion for them, it is not a virtue.
For mercy to be a virtue, it must be both effective and affective. Mercy as a virtue is defined by Aquinas โas the compassion in our hearts for another personโs misery, a compassion which drives us to do what we can to help him.โ (Source)
The greatest act of mercy is witnessed in Christ upon the Cross. Through His compassion and sympathy for our fallen state, He submitted Himself to โdeath, even death on a cross.โ And, from this example, we draw our inspiration.
Perhaps Shakespeare expressed it most eloquently when he gave the words to Portia in The Merchant of Venice.
โThe quality of mercy is not strain’d, It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven Upon the place beneath: it is twice blest; It blesseth him that gives and him that takes: ‘Tis mightiest in the mightiest: it becomes The throned monarch better than his crown; His sceptre shows the force of temporal power, The attribute to awe and majesty, Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kings; But mercy is above this sceptred sway; It is enthroned in the hearts of kings, It is an attribute to God himself; And earthly power doth then show likest God’s When mercy seasons justice.โ (Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, Act 4, Scene I)
Mercy is an attribute of God, and when we show mercy, combining affective and effective, we reflect Godโs nature.
โTeacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?โ
โWhat is written in the law? What do you read there?โ
โYou shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind; and your neighbor as yourself.โ
โYou have given the right answer; do this, and you will live.โ
โAnd who is my neighbor?โ
The Parable of the Good Samaritan answers the question. Your neighbor is the one who shows mercy. Your neighbor is the one who feels compassion and sympathy for you and acts to help alleviate, if not all, then at least part of your suffering. Jesus says, if that is indeed how your neighbor acts towards you, โGo and do likewise.โ
Yes, Jesus, I hear what youโre saying, but they are not like us. I mean, just look at them. They certainly donโt look or act like any of my neighbors.
Jesus says, โDid I stutter? Go and do likewise.โ
From Thomas Merton, โOur job is to love others without stopping to inquire whether or not they are worthy. That is not our business and, in fact, it is nobody’s business. What we are asked to do is to love, and this love itself will render both ourselves and our neighbors worthy.โ (Disputed Questions, p.122) Why are we not to put qualifiers on our love and who may or may not be our neighbor? In the same paragraph, Merton answers by referring to 1 John 4:19: โWe love because [God] first loved us.โ St. Paul says something similar in his letter to the Romans. โGod shows his love for us in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us.โ (Romans 5:8)
God did not stop to question whether or not we were worthy of His love or whether or not He should show us mercy. He loved, and He was merciful. Go and do likewise.
As Godโs beloved children, redeemed by the blood of His Son, this is what is required of us. The Prophet Micah writes,
โWith what shall I come before the Lord, and bow myself before God on high? Shall I come before him with burnt offerings, with calves a year old?
Will the Lord be pleased with thousands of rams, with ten thousands of rivers of oil? Shall I give my firstborn for my transgression, the fruit of my body for the sin of my soul?โ
He has told you, O man, what is good; and what does the Lord require of you but to do justice, and to love mercy* and to walk humbly with your God.โ
If you feel sympathy and compassion for someone, then do something to help alleviate their suffering. This is how God loved us and how we should love others in return.
A prayer given to us by St. Ignatius. Let us pray: Dear Lord teach us to be generous; teach us to serve you as you deserve, to give and not to count the cost, to fight and not to heed the wounds, to toil and not to seek for rest, to labor and not to ask for reward, save that of knowing that we do your will. Amen.
* The ESV translates ืึถืกึถื as kindness, but the Hebrew is written ืึฐืึทืึฒืึทืช ืึถืกึถื, which can rightly be translated as mercy andconveys the sense of undeserved compassion and covenantal faithfulness that Micah is emphasizing. All that to say, I like the ESV version, but tweaked it for what I believe is a better understanding.
Moses the Black, an Ethiopian living in Egypt during the 4th century, was born a slave and later became a bandit. After years as a feared criminal, he repented and approached the doors of a desert monastery, weeping for his sins. Because of his past, the monks did not allow him entry, even afraid at the mention of his name. However, after some time, they received and accepted him.
Although a member of the monastery, his passions continued to wage a spiritual battle, so he sought the help of the elder Abba Isidore. Moses followed Isidore’s instructions, from eating just enough to sustain himself while remaining hungry at all times, to standing all night in prayer. At night, Moses was led by the ladder to take on the task of fetching water from the well for the other brothers, especially those who were older and lived farthest from the well.
One night, while drawing water, Moses felt a sharp blow to his back and was knocked into the well, where he lay until he was found the next morning when the other brothers discovered him. A year passed before he was fully recovered, and it was then that Isidore declared him to be clean of his demons and ordered him to be ordained a deacon. On the day of his ordination, the bishop clothed Moses in white robes and declared, โNow Abba Moses is entirely white!โ Moses replied, โOnly outwardly, for God knows that I am still dark within.โ
Continuing to protest his worthiness to serve at the altar, the Bishop set out to test him and ordered the other clergy to drive Moses from the altar and the church. Moses accepted this without protest. Witnessing this and being convinced of Moses’ humility, the Bishop ordained him a priest, a role he faithfully served for fifteen years until his martyrdom in 400 AD.
Moses learned that the monastery would soon be attacked by bandits and encouraged the others to flee. All did, except for seven who remained with Moses. When he was urged to leave, he responded, โFor many years already I have awaited the time when the words which my Master, the Lord Jesus Christ, should be fulfilled: โAll who take up the sword, shall perish by the swordโ (Mt. 26:52). (Source)
The good thief hanging on the cross to the right of Jesus rebuked the other thief, saying, โDo you not fear God, since you are under the same sentence of condemnation? And we indeed have been condemned justly, for we are getting what we deserve for our deeds, but this man has done nothing wrong.โ
I donโt know why Moses chose to remain, knowing that staying would almost certainly be a death sentence. Perhaps he thought he could buy the others more time to escape if he put up a fight. Whatever the case, I wonder if he heard the words of the good thief as he waited, โWe indeed have been condemned justly.โ I also wonder if he heard the words of St. Paul, โWretched man that I am! Who will deliver me from this body of death? Thanks be to God through Jesus Christ our Lord!โ (Romans 7:24-25a)
We are all rightly condemned for our actions. Thanks be to God through Jesus Christ, our Lord! Through Him, we are saved. He remembers us and, on our last day, brings us into the eternal paradise of His kingdom.
